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Terminology
VIRADIX is pleased
to provide definitions of important terms associated with
e-commerce and RFID. We have also compiled a list of the most
frequently asked questions (FAQs)
we encounter about e-commerce and have compiled and published
our answers here. The information provided here is also available
in our companion, fully formatted publication, Your
Guide to Electronic Commerce: Terms You Should Know and Answers
to Your Questions.
A-B | C-D
| E-F | G-H
| I-J | K-L
| M-N | O-P | Q-R
| S-T | U-V
| W-X | Y-Z
A
Acknowledgement
Messages acknowledge receipt of a transaction that was sent
to them.
Active Tags
Active tags are RFID tags that do contain an internal battery
power source that powers the tags chip.
AIAG
Automotive Industry Action Group
ANSI
Founded in 1918, American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
is a non-profit organization that administers and coordinates
standards for the computer industry.
ANSI Standards
Is a document published by ANSI that was developed by an ANSI
committee.
Antenna
Antennas are a device for sending and receiving information
to and from the tag.
AS1
Applicability Statement 1 (AS1) is Electronic Data Interchange
over the Internet (EDIINT) specification that uses a well-known
standard using SMTP to transport data. more
AS2
Applicability Statement 2 (AS2) is Electronic Data Interchange
over the Internet (EDIINT) specification that uses a well-known
standard using HTTP to transport data. more
ASC
Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) was formed in 1979 by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop
uniform standards for inter-industry electronic exchange of
business transactions, electronic data interchange (EDI).
ASCII
American National Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASN
Advance Ship Notice
Asynchronous
A protocol for communications for most non mainframe and midrange
computers where both parties are communicating at the same
time.
B
Bisync
A protocol for communications that is used primarily on mainframes
and midrange computers.
Business-to-business (B2B)
Business-to-business electronic commerce is companies buying
from and selling to each other electronically, but it has
evolved to include supply chain management. more
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Business-to-consumer electronic commerce is consumers purchasing
your goods or services online. more
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C
CPFR
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR)
is the sharing of forecast and related business information
among business partners in the supply chain to enable automatic
product replenishment.
Control Number
A number that uniquely identifies an EDI document for a certain
sender and receiver.
D
Data Element
A unit of information in an EDI document.
DISA
Data Interchange Standards Association
Distribution Center (DC)
A warehouse that receives merchandise from multiple vendors
and distributes it to multiple stores.
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E
EAN
European Article Numbering (EAN) is the European equivalent
of a UPS number.
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) is
IBM’s format for expressing characters as numbers.
ebXML
Electronic Business eXtensible Markup Language (ebXML) provides
open XML-based infrastructure, enabling use of e-business
information in an interoperable, secure, consistent manner
by all parties.
E-Commerce
Electronic commerce (E-Commerce) is a business to business
(B2B) initiative aimed at communicating business transaction
documents on a real time or near real time basis between known
trading partners, such as suppliers, customers and increasingly,
between a suppliers’ supplier or a customers’ customer.
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is commonly defined as computer-to-computer
electronic exchange of business documents in a standard format. more
EDIFACT
UN/EDIFACT is commonly known as EDIFACT and stands for ‘Electronic
Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport.’
EDIFACT is the International EDI standard introduced by the
United Nations Economic Commission.
EDIINT
EDI over the INTernet (EDIINT) is a standard for transmitting
data over the internet using AS1 or AS2. more
EFT
Electronic Funds Transfer.
Electronic Mail
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) is a method of transmitting messages
and other data from computer to computer.
EPC
Electonic Product Code (EPC).
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
eXtensible Markup Language
See XML.
F
FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the protocol for sending and
receiving files on the Internet.
Functional Acknowledgement
A transaction that is sent back to a trading partner to acknowledge
receipt of a transaction that was sent to them.
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G
GLN
The Global Location Number (GLN) is a unquie identification
of legal entities, trading parties and locations worldwide
within the EAN.UCC System.
GTIN
The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a unquie 14-digit identifation
of products worldwide within the EAN.UCC System.
GUI
Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a program interface that
makes it easier to take advantage of the computer’s graphics.
H
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
was enacted by the United States Congress in 1996.
HL7
Is a standard for the healthcare industry.
HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol that is
used on the Internet .
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is a language used to create
documents on the Internet.
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I
I/C EDI
Industrial/Commercial Electronic Data Interchange (I/C EDI)
is used by the industrial industry and is a subset of the
ANSI ASC X12 standards.
Internet
A network connecting computers all around the world.
Interrogator
See Reader
IP Address
An identifier for a computer or device on a network .
ISP
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides
service to the Internet.
J
Java
A programming language for the Internet developed by Sun Microsystems.
Java Script
A scripting language for the Internet developed by Netscape.
JIT
Just-in-time.
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L
LAN
Local area network.
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O
OAIG
Open Applications Group (OAIG) is a non-profit consortium
focusing on best practices and processes based on XML content
for e-Business and application integration.
ODETTE
European automotive industry standard.
P
Passive Tags
Passive tags are RFID tags that do not have an internal power
source, but are externally powered typical from the reader..
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R
Reader
A device that communicates with the RFID tag and passes the
information to a computer system. A reader is also called
an interrogator.
RFID
Radio Frequency IDentification is a way of storing information
on a small tag that communicates via radio frequency with
an interrogator. more
RosettaNet
Non-profit consortium dedicated to the development and deployment
of standard electronic commerce interfaces to align the processes
between supply chain partners.
RosettaNet PIPs
RosettaNet Partner Interface Processes (PIPs) is a XML specification
designed to align a specific business process between supply
chain partners, which create new areas of alignment within
supply chain e-business processes.
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S
SDQ
Ship Destination Quantity (SDQ) .
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for securely transmitting
documents via the Internet.
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a XML based protocol
for information exchange in decentralized and distributed
environments.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol for sending
electronic mail messages between computers.
Sunrise 2005
Sunrise 2005 is an initiative that was launched in 1997 by
the Uniform Code Council (UCC), that mandates that U.S. and
Canadian companies be capable of scanning and processing up
to 13-digit bar codes by January 1, 2005. more
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
The delivery of customer and economic value through integrated
management of the flow of physical goods and associated information,
from raw materials sourcing to delivery of finished products
to consumers. more
T
Tag
The radio frequency identification device that is also referred
to at times as a smart label or transponder.
Trading Partner
Term used by customers, suppliers, and vendors to indicate
they are in an EDI relationship.
Trading Partner Agreements
A contract between two trading partners detailing their relationship
in regards to EDI.
TRADACOMS
Retail industry standard in the United Kingdom.
Transaction Set
Another name for EDI messages.
Translation
Having data in one format transformed from or to data in an
EDI format.
Transponder
See Tag
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U
UCC
Uniform Code Council.
UIG
Utility Industry Group (UIG) is a non-for-profit organization
for the Utility Industry dedicated to the advancement of EDI
and E-Commerce.
UN/EDIFACT
See EDIFACT.
UPC
Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique product identification
number that is used by items that will be scanned at Point-Of-Sale.
USC
Uniform Communication Standard (USC), originally initiated
by the grocery industry, is being used by thousands of companies
- manufacturers, retailers, wholesalers and brokers. The UCS
is a subset of the ANSI ASC X12 national standard.
V
VAN
Value Added Network (VAN) is an independently contracted company,
which acts as a post office for sending and receiving electronic
transactions to and from trading partners.
Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
The vendor (supplier) manages the stock levels and availability
for the customer based on forecast demand.
VICS
Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Standard (VICS) is used
by the general merchandise retail industry. VICS EDI is a
subset of the ASC X12 national standard. For more information
consult the www.vics.org web site.
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W
WINS
Warehouse Information Network Standard (WINS) is used by the
retail industry and is a subset of the ASC X12 national standard.
WSDL
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is an XML based protocol
for information exchange in decentralized and distributed
environments.
X
X12
Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) was formed in 1979 by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop
uniform standards for inter-industry electronic exchange of
business transactions, electronic data interchange (EDI) For
more information consult the www.x12.org web site.
X.400
A standard messaging protocol.
XML
eXtensible Markup Language (XML) A high-powered Web language
developed for conducting electronic business. more
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